Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-ray or other particles to destroy cancer cells. A doctor who specializes in giving radiation therapy to treat cancer is called a radiation oncologist. A radiation therapy regimen, or schedule, usually consists of a specific number of treatments given over a set period. Radiation therapy can treat many different types of cancer. It can also be used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and/or surgery. When healthy cells alter and proliferate uncontrollably, cancer starts. Every biological cell goes through a cycle of growth, division, and multiplication. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells go through this phase more quickly. Radiation therapy causes damage to the DNA of cells, causing them to either stop growing or die.Radiation therapy is typically a localized treatment, as opposed to other cancer treatments that, like chemotherapy, affect the entire body. This indicates that it usually just affects the area of the body where the cancer is situated. While treatment may cause some damage to good tissue close to cancerous cells, this tissue typically recovers after the treatment is over.
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