High-energy x-rays or other particles are used in radiation therapy, a cancer treatment, to kill cancer cells. A radiation oncologist is a medical professional who specializes in administering radiation treatment to treat cancer. A radiation therapy program, or regimen, often entails a predetermined number of treatments administered over a predetermined length of time. Many forms of cancer can be treated with radiation treatment. It can also be combined with other cancer treatments including surgery and/or chemotherapy. When healthy cells alter and proliferate uncontrollably, cancer starts. Every biological cell goes through a cycle of growth, division, and multiplication. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells go through this phase more quickly. Radiation therapy causes damage to the DNA of cells, causing them to either stop growing or die. Radiation therapy is typically a localized treatment, as opposed to other cancer treatments that, like chemotherapy, affect the entire body. This indicates that it usually just affects the area of the body where the cancer is situated. While treatment may cause some damage to good tissue close to cancerous cells, this tissue typically recovers after the treatment is over.
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